MONDAY
The explosive demand for bandwidth for data networking applications continues to drive photonics technology toward ever increasing capacity in the backbone fiber network and toward flexible optical networking. Already commercial Tb/s (per fiber) transmission systems have been announced, and it can be expected that in the next several years, we will begin to be limited by the 50 THz transmission bandwidth of silca optical fiber. Efficient bandwidth utilization will be one of the challenges of photonics research. Since the communication will be dominated by data, we can expect the network of the future to consist of multiterabit packet switches to aggregate traffic at the edge of the network and cross connects with wavelength granularity and tens of terabits throughout the core.
The Network layer is where the frames of the Data Link layer become packets. The best way to think of the Network layer is as the mailroom clerk of the OSI model. The clerk receives mail and directs it to the appropriate couriers. In similar fashion, the Network layer translates the frames it receives from the Data Link layer into more logical packets which can be routed to other networks (like sending it to a courier). At the Network layer, you can begin to actually communicate across a Network, but the service is called "unreliable" because no connection can be established. Communication over the Network layer is something like throwing a message in a bottle into the sea - you cannot verify that the other person ever reads the message. It should be noted that most of what we call "routing" occurs at the network layer - that is, network traffic is routed from one network to another at this layer, allowing for inter-network (as opposed to intra-network) communication.
No, MAC Addresses are fixed per network interface card or NIC. The MAC address is the Media Access Control address and is the hardware address of the network device to which your IP address, e.g. 192.168.1.3 is assigned. You can identify the vendor of your network card from its MAC address, e.g. all Intel NIC cards may begin with 00-15.
In circuit switching, a connection is established between two network nodes before they begin transmitting data.
Just a little caveat here, what Archangel dmitry lists here is true but should be regarded as only historical information since classed IP address assignment has not been used in over 20 years. It was replaced in 1993 by Classless Inter-Domain Routing. This was put in place to help deal with the quick depletion of available public IP addresses. In the modern day, IP addresses are assigned as needed rather than as blocks as was done when classed addressing was used.
MONDAY
Yes, the Commonwealth Games begin with the Opening Ceremony and end with the Closing Ceremony.
The Commonwealth Games begin with the Opening Ceremony.
1945
Commercial bakeries first appeared in the Roman Empire
On Sunday
1830
1913
Ctrl + Z
A pharmaceutical company can begin commercial production in the UK only when there is an authorized marketing licence issued. This is via the European Medicines Agency.
The commercial use of nuclear power began in the 1950's
It is not required, but, if it feels "right" to you to do so, you may greet the court and the jury with an opening pleasantry,