Ruckus Accesspoints
In order to determine whether a destination host is local or remote, a computer will perform a simple mathematical computation referred to as an AND operation. While the sending host does this operation internally, understanding what takes place is the key to understanding how an IP-based system knows whether to send packets directly to a host or to a router.
--> If the destination network is directly connected, the router forwards the packet to the destination host. --> If no route exists for the destination network and a default route is present, the packet is forwarded to the next-hop router. --> If the originating host has a default gateway configured, the packet for a remote network can be forwarded using that route.
%systemroot% folder. Enter the path \computernameadmin$ to access the %systemroot% folder (most likely the C:Windows folder) on a remote computer. The admin$ administrative share is called the Remote Admin share.
A router is an Intermediate System (IS) which operates at the network layer of the OSI reference model. Routers may be used to connect two or more IP networks, or an IP network to an internet connection. A router consists of a computer with at least two network interface cards supporting the IP protocol. The router receives packets from each interface via a network interface and forwards the received packets to an appropriate output network interface. Received packets have all link layer protocol headers removed, and transmitted packets have a new link protocol header added prior to transmission. The router uses the information held in the network layer header (i.e. IP header) to decide whether to forward each received packet, and which network interface to use to send the packet. Most packets are forwareded based on the packet's IP destination address, along with routing information held within the router in a routing table. Before a packet is forwarded, the processor checks the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) of the specified interface. Packets larger than the interface's MTU must be fragmented by the router into two or more smaller packets. If a packet is received which has the Don't Fragment (DF) bit set in the packet header, the packet is not fragmented, but instead discarded. In this case, an ICMP error message is returned to the sender (i.e. to the original packet's IP source address) informing it of the interface's MTU size. This forms the basis for Path MTU discovery (PMTU). The routing and filter tables resemble similar tables in link layer bridges and switches. Except, that instead of specifying link hardware addresses (MAC addresses), the router table sepcify network (IP addresses). The routing table lists known IP destination addresses with the appropraite network interface to be used to reach that destiantion. A default entry may be specified to be used for all addresses not explicitly defined in the table. A filter table may also be used to ensure that unwanted packets are discarded. The filter may be used to deny access to particular protocols or to prevent unauthorised access from remote computers by discarding packets to specified destination addresses. A router forwards packets from one IP network to another IP network. Like other systems, it determines the IP network from the logical AND of an IP address with the associated subnetwork address mask. One execption to this rule is when a router receives an IP packet to a network broadcast address. In this case, the router discards the packet. Forwarding broadcast packet can lead to severe storms of packets, and if uncontrolled could lead to network overload. A router introduces delay (latency) as it processes the packets it receives. The total delay observed is the sum of many components including: * Time taken to process the frame by the data link protocol * Time taken to select the correct output link (i.e. filtering and routing) * Queuing delay at the output link (when the link is busy) * Other activities which consume processor resources (computing routing tables, network management, generation of logging information) The router queue of packets waiting to be sent also introduces a potential cause of packet loss. Since the router has a finite amount of buffer memory to hold the queue, a router which receives packets at too high a rate may experience a full queue. In this case, the router ahs no other option than to simply discard excess packets. If required, these may later be retransmitted by a transport protocol. Architecture of a router Routers are often used to connect together networks which use different types of links (for instance an HDLC link connecting a WAN to a local Ethernet LAN). The optimum (and maximum) packet lengths (i.e. the maximum transmission unit (MTU)) is different for different types of network. A router may therefore uses IP to provide segmentation of packets into a suitable size for transmission on a network. Associated protocols perform network error reporting (ICMP), communication between routers (to determine appropriate routes to each destination) and remote monitoring of the router operation (network management). The operation of a simple modern router is described on a separate page. If you want to know how the router actually works click HERE.
A typical VOIP to VOIP call transfers from your local network to the remote VOIP server. When the server receives the voice call packets, the destination header of these packets is read to direct them to the destination. These servers are connected to SIP trunk lines or termination routes. The voice packets are directed to these routes through this server.
Ruckus Accesspoints
Default gateway
ssh command provide secure access to a remote machine using terminal.Use the following syntax when using ssh to connect to a remote computerssh remote_username@remote_host
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Which_option_sHow_is_how_a_router_will_route_packets_to_a_remote_network"
which command will clear a connection to aemote sarver
In terminal #mv -rf /source path /destination ptath For directories '-rf' For files 'f' #cp -rf /source path /destination path For moving files to remote system #scp -rf /source path 'username'@ip:/destination path user name - user at remote system ip - remote system ip
Use the command nbtstat. -a (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its name -A (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its IP address. -c (cache) Lists NBT's cache of remote [machine] names and their IP addresses -n (names) Lists local NetBIOS names. -r (resolved) Lists names resolved by broadcast and via WINS -R (Reload) Purges and reloads the remote cache name table -S (Sessions) Lists sessions table with the destination IP addresses -s (sessions) Lists sessions table converting destination IP addresses to computer NETBIOS names. -RR (ReleaseRefresh) Sends Name Release packets to WINS and then, starts Refr esh
net view \\computername use this command to verify that resources on a remote computer are shared
just open the command line in windows and the command is shutdownfor example
The command would be show connections.
ping