A spreadsheet is sometimes called a worksheet.
Sometimes they are called labels, when they are headings. You can also have other general text in a spreadsheet too.
Generally it would still be called a spreadsheet, but it could be called a What-if spreadsheet.
The area of the screen where you interact with a spreadsheet is called the spreadsheet workspace or spreadsheet view. It is where you input, view, and manipulate data within the cells of the spreadsheet.
It is called a spreadsheet or a worksheet.
It usually is called a spreadsheet. Microsoft Excel calls it a worksheet.
In a spreadsheet a built-in formula is called a function.
One location on a spreadsheet is called a "cell".
It can be called a worksheet. There is a range of actual spreadsheet programs, so people often refer to them directly, like Excel or Quattro or Works or Open Office or Lotus 123, instead of using the term spreadsheet.
They can be called records, but that is more the case in a database than in a spreadsheet.
It can be called editing.
In Excel it is called a workbook.
The spreadsheet included with the iWork software suite is called Numbers.