no
yes it is possible
Yes, you can get a USB to RS232 converter (aka USB to Serial).
yes delete everything on your usb first
yes
Yes, you can. But you have to be careful and make sure that boot files are on another partition.
yes make sure the usb pen is set on fat32 format.
yes
yes
Yes if your phone is USB 3.0 and not USB 2.0.
Yes, for a USB printer
Yes, the partition problem is NP-complete.
Yes. USB devices should work on any computer which has USB, whether its a notebook or a desktop should make no difference.