When data bits are transmitted one at a time through a single wire, it is referred to as serial communication. This method contrasts with parallel communication, where multiple bits are sent simultaneously over multiple wires. Serial transmission is often used for long distances as it reduces the number of conductors needed and minimizes issues with signal integrity and crosstalk. Common examples include USB and RS-232 communication protocols.
bus
No, television signals are transmitted through radio waves rather than physical bits like those in computer data transmission. Television signals are encoded using a different method suitable for broadcasting audio and video content to TV sets.
BY USING FORMULA (M+R+1)<=2r 011110110011001110101 ---- The formula d + p + 1 <= 2^p (where d is the number of data bits and p is the number of check bits) indicates that we need at least 5 check bits in order to correct single-bit errors in blocks of 16 data bits -- a (21,16) code. SECDED requires 6 check bits for blocks of 16 data bits.
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The number of bits required for data transfer depends on the size of the data being transmitted and the protocol used for communication. For example, transferring a single character typically requires 8 bits (1 byte). However, when considering overhead from headers and error-checking mechanisms in protocols, the actual number of bits needed can be significantly higher. Therefore, the minimum number of bits required for data transfer varies based on the specific scenario and requirements.
6 bits
The maximum effect of a 2-ms burst of noise on data transmitted at 14 kbps can be calculated by determining how many bits are transmitted during that time. At 14 kbps, 2 ms corresponds to 28 bits (since 14,000 bits per second multiplied by 0.002 seconds equals 28 bits). Therefore, a 2-ms burst of noise could potentially disrupt up to 28 bits of data, impacting the integrity of the transmitted information depending on the error correction and detection mechanisms in place.
9
A serial port only allows a single bit of data through at a time. A parallel port allows multiple bits of data through at a time.
1
The maximum effect of a 2-ms burst of noise on data transmitted at 12 kbps can be calculated by determining how many bits are transmitted during that time. At 12 kbps, 2 ms corresponds to 24 bits (since 12,000 bits per second multiplied by 0.002 seconds equals 24 bits). Therefore, a 2-ms burst of noise could potentially corrupt or disrupt the transmission of up to 24 bits of data, depending on the nature of the noise and the error correction mechanisms in place.
Hamming code is an error-correcting code used in digital communication to detect and correct single-bit errors in transmitted data. Developed by Richard Hamming, it adds redundancy bits to the original data, allowing the receiver to identify and fix errors without needing a retransmission. The code uses a specific arrangement of parity bits, which are calculated based on the data bits, to ensure that any single-bit error can be pinpointed and corrected. This makes Hamming code particularly useful in reliable data transmission systems.