A peripheral device, more commonly referred to as a peripheral, is a "device attached to a host computer behind the chipset whose primary functionality is dependent upon the host...".
Thus, a peripheral is any device you attach to your computer which is not central to your computer's standard operation. Printers, scanners, game controllers, and security dongles are all examples of peripherals.
This definition can be found here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripherals
The term "hardware device," however, seems a redundant phrasing, since any "device" by definition would be hardware.
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peripheral devices
they are called pheripherals.
multiprogramming
there is no difference!
Some storage devices can be classed as peripheral devices, so yes you can.
Memory drives are peripheral devices that are very useful
A modem is a peripheral device based on the fact that peripheral devices are devices located on the outside of a computer
A PC card is used to connect peripheral devices to a notebook computer.