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The microphone works by producing a small induced voltage in a coil from the effect of sound waves hitting a diaphragm. It is very similar to a loudspeaker in reverse with a diaphragm instead of a paper cone. This type of microphone is called a moving coil microphone. The sound waves strike the diaphragm and move it backwards and forwards at the same frequency as the sound (like the way the ear drum is moved inside the ear). The moving diaphragm moves the coil backwards and forwards which induces a changing current at the same frequency as the sound. This changing current (called the signal) is sent to an amplifier which makes the changing current big enough to be used for recording or to drive loudspeakers. The loudspeaker reconverts the changing current back into the original sound. A microphone converts the sound energy into electrical energy.

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