Switched Ethernet
A collision occurs.
Two way radios can both transmit and receive signals. It uses two different radio frequencies to carry the two conversations simultaneously.
half duplex modem is each station can transmit and receive but not at the same time. full duplex modem is both stations can transmit and receive simultaneously.
In an Ethernet Local Area Network (ELAN), all stations can potentially communicate simultaneously with each other in a shared medium. However, due to the nature of Ethernet, only one pair of stations can effectively transmit data at any given moment to avoid collisions. Therefore, while multiple pairs can attempt to communicate, only one successful transmission occurs at a time unless using switches that create separate collision domains, allowing for multiple pairs to communicate simultaneously.
spread-spectrum technology
AM radio broadcasting uses frequency division multiplexing to allocate different frequencies to different radio stations. Cable television systems use frequency division multiplexing to transmit multiple channels simultaneously over a single cable. Cell phone networks use frequency division multiplexing to separate different users' calls on the same frequency band.
Contention-based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols are networking protocols that allow multiple devices to compete for access to a shared communication medium. In these protocols, devices transmit data whenever the medium is idle, leading to potential collisions if multiple devices transmit simultaneously. Common examples include Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) and its variations, such as CSMA/CD (Collision Detection) and CSMA/CA (Collision Avoidance). These protocols are widely used in wireless and wired networks to manage how devices communicate and share bandwidth efficiently.
Omnidirectional
each channel can only transmit signals in one direction signals are transmitted as rf waves can be used to transmit multiple signals at once
The way a duplex functions in a cell phone is by having a two - way communication in which both terminals can transmit simultaneously.
each channel can only transmit signals in one direction signals are transmitted as rf waves can be used to transmit multiple signals at once
Multicasting