Concurrency means use of database by many users at the same time.Concurrency control techniques (Different techniques) are used control multiple transactions interfere each other to produce wrong results.
therefore one of the main techniques used to control concurrent execution of transaction is based on the concept of locking of data item.
A lock is a variable associated with a data item in the database and describes the status of that item with respect to possible operation that can be applied to that item.
Generally there is a one lock for each data item in the database.
MySQL employs several concurrency control techniques, primarily using multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) to manage concurrent transactions. MVCC allows transactions to read data without locking, thus improving performance and reducing contention. InnoDB, the default storage engine, utilizes row-level locking for write operations, ensuring that multiple transactions can occur simultaneously without interfering with each other. Additionally, MySQL supports various isolation levels, such as READ COMMITTED and SERIALIZABLE, to control the visibility of changes made by concurrent transactions.
Different techniques
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Concurrency control employs various types of locks to manage access to shared resources, ensuring data integrity. The primary types include shared locks, which allow multiple transactions to read a resource but prevent writing, and exclusive locks, which permit only one transaction to read or write a resource. Additionally, read locks and write locks can be used to differentiate between operations, while optimistic and pessimistic locking strategies determine when locks are applied based on expected contention levels. Each type of lock addresses different concurrency scenarios, balancing performance and data consistency.
Buffering and windowing
Two-phase locking (2PL) is a concurrency control protocol used in database management systems to ensure that transactions are executed in a serializable manner. It operates in two phases: the growing phase, where a transaction can acquire locks but cannot release them, and the shrinking phase, where it can release locks but cannot acquire new ones. This locking mechanism prevents conflicts between transactions and ensures that the final result is the same as if the transactions were executed serially. By adhering to this protocol, 2PL guarantees that the interleaving of transactions does not lead to anomalies, thus preserving the integrity of the database.
One major problem in databases is concurrency. Concurrency problems arise when multiple processes try to update or insert data into a database table at the same time. Such concurrent updates can cause data to become corrupt.Locking is a strategy that is used to prevent such concurrent updates to data.When a database system modifies data in one of its tables it first acquires a lock. When a table is locked, only the process the acquired the lock is allowed to modify the data in the table. Other processes will have to wait until the lock is released before they can make their changes. Now, this is a simple representation of how locking works. In reality databases can use different locking strategies.Depending on the database system, locks can be acquired on entire tables (table-level locking) or on individual rows (row-level locking).
Data concurrency is used for organizing data sets. It helps keep the data sets for replicated and the official source of data uniform by using and updating multiple databases simultaneously.
The Nazi techniques were very effective in maintaining control, because people feared them. People had to obey the Nazi parties orders otherwise they would be punished.
its lame because I cant find this answer online either
One major problem in databases is concurrency. Concurrency problems arise when multiple processes try to update or insert data into a database table at the same time. Such concurrent updates can cause data to become corrupt.Locking is a strategy that is used to prevent such concurrent updates to data.When a database system modifies data in one of its tables it first acquires a lock. When a table is locked, only the process the acquired the lock is allowed to modify the data in the table. Other processes will have to wait until the lock is released before they can make their changes. Now, this is a simple representation of how locking works. In reality databases can use different locking strategies.Depending on the database system, locks can be acquired on entire tables (table-level locking) or on individual rows (row-level locking).