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A digital computer processes discrete data, an analog computer processes continuous data.

  • Discrete data (integers, character codes, boolean values, encoded floating point numbers, etc.) represent information with sharp discontinuities between represented values. Any data value not exactly encoded must be approximated by one of the nearest encoded values. Operations on discrete values are more reliable and consistent, but usually slower with identical technologies.
  • Continuous data (voltages, currents, fluid pressure, fluid flow, shaft position, shaft rotation rate, etc.) represent information by analogy. All data values (within the limits of the machine) have an equivalent representation. Operations on continuous values are less reliable and less consistent, but usually faster with identical technologies.

Analog computers are typically harder to program: they are either designed for one special purpose with the program permanently built in, or they must be "rewired" to reprogram them.

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