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What is kernel and shell in unix?
The kernel The kernel is the hub of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the filestore and communications in response to system calls. The shell The shell acts as an interface between the user and the kernel. When a user logs in, the login program checks the username and password, and then starts another program called the shell.
What will happen in the boot sequence if set improperly?
It does'nt boot.. beacuse hardware interacts with kernel ..kernel interacts with user and user interacts with apps BIOS | Kernel | User | Apps
Is user level threads are transparent to kernel level threads?
user level theads are not tranparent to kernel level threads.
What are Linux distubution flavors?
Linux is only a Kernel (Operating System). Different Flavours of linux have different user programs on top of the same linux kernel. A high level example : Ubuntu has the user program(package) GNOME while Kubuntu has KDE, whereas both ubuntu & Kubuntu use the same Linux Kernel.
Explain different layers of UNIX operating system Also explain interaction between shell and kernel using any suitable command?
Layers of UNIX Operation System along with an example to illustrate the interaction between shell and Kernel.The UNIX operating system is made up of three parts: the kernel, the shell and the programs.The kernelThe kernel of UNIX is the hub of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the filestore and communications in response to system calls.The shellThe shell acts as an interface between the user and the kernel. The shell is a command line interpreter (CLI). It interprets the commands the user types in and arranges for them to be carried out. The commands are themselves programs: when they terminate, the shell gives the user another prompt ($ on our systems).The programsA program is refereed to as a process while the kernel is running it. The Kernel can run the same shell program(or any other program) simultaneously for many users on a Unix System, and each running copy of the program is a separate process. The Shell is also a program that the UNIX Kernel runs for the user.As an illustration of the way that the shell and the kernel work together, suppose a user types rm myfile(which has the effect of removing the file myfile). The shell searches the filestore for the file containing the program rm, and then requests the kernel, through system calls, to execute the program rm on myfile. When the process rm myfile has finished running, the shell then returns the UNIX prompt $ to the user, indicating that it is waiting for further commands.- Submitted by SRKStudent of NIITContact No. : +91-9534330837Email: shoaibrazakhan@gmail.com
Is the kernel in a unix os a program?
The kernel is the central control program of Unix and the majority of other operating systems.
What are the two modes of the Windows NT 2000 and XP architecture?
The Windows XP Architecture uses both Kernel Mode and User Mode. The kernel mode is the layer of the operating system's code that is responsible for handling such fundamental operating system items as virtual memory and scheduling which applications will run at any given time. User mode is where your actual program runs and is controlled by components of the kernel. For example, the kernel is responsible for allocating the memory that an application uses.
The actions taken by a kernel to context switch bet user levl thread?
When a context switch occurs, the kernel saves the context of the old process into its Program Control Block and loads the saved context of the new process scheduled to run.
Does the kernel relate to the user and applications?
Yes! Ofcourse.
What is the distinction between kernel mode and user mode in relation as a security system?
Code running in kernel mode has unlimited access to hardware and CPU. Code in user mode can't address memory that kernel mode does not allow it to.
What keyword is used to invoke user-defined exceptions?
throw is the keyword used to invoke the exception.throw new NoBalanceException("No balance please");
In what ways is the modular kernel approach similar to the layered approach?
The modular kernel approach requires subsystems to interact with each other through carefully constructed interfaces that are typically narrow (in terms of the functionality that is exposed to external modules). The layered kernel approach is similar in that respect. However, the layered kernel imposes a strict ordering of subsystems such that subsystems at the lower layers are not allowed to invoke operations corresponding to the upper layer subsystems. There are no such restrictions in the modular kernel approach, wherein modules are free to invoke each other without any constraints.
