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The first octet determines what class of network you are located on. From that, you can determine how many of the octets represent the network address, and which part represents the client or host portion.

IP addresses in version 4 (iPv4) are divided into two segments: the network id and the host id. Knowing the range of network class addresses will help:

Class A is 0 - 126 and uses only the first octet for the network portion

Class B is 128 - 191 and uses the first two octets for the network id

Class C is 192 - 223 and uses the first three octets for the network id

An example would be:

192.168.1.5 is a class C address, so we use the first three octets for the network id.

This gives a network id of 192.168.1.0 and a host id of 5 in that network.

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