4
In ASCII code, each letter, number or punctuation mark takes one byte, or 8 bits. That gives you 256 discrete combinations. Two letters take 2 bytes, or 16 bits.
In ASCII encoding, if that's what you mean by "bits": 110110011011111110110110010100100000111100111011111110101 That's "love you", in ASCII.
An extended ASCII byte (like all bytes) contains 8 bits, or binary digits.
40 bits or 5 byrtes
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Basic ASCII does not have enough bits to deal with languages with large character sets.
The efficiency of ascii characters using asynchronous data transfer protocol with two stop bits is 8 in 11, or 72%. There is one start bit, eight data bits*, and two stop bits. That is 11 bit cells, in which a payload of 8 bits is possible, hence the 8 in 11. *Actually there are only 7 data bits in ASCII... latin-1 and several other incompatible extensions to ASCII have 8. Which one is in use varies between languages - many European countries use different encodings which have the same meanings for the first 128 characters but different for the second 128 depending on what extra characters are required in the language in question. If the payload was 7 bits, for pure ASCII, then the efficiency with one start bit and two stop bits would be 7 in 10, or 70%.
ASCII
Eight.
First of all ASCII is encoding system that tells how binary data from file could be represented as text. Is was and still is very widely used starting 1960s. Standard ASCII encoding is 7-bits encoding allowing 128 values, while Extended ASCII is 8-bits encoding which allows 256 values, that is 128 more characters in the table. First 128 Extended ASCII table characters is the same as ASCII table, next 128 is additional characters.
about eight bits, which is equal to one byte