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On Intel x86 PCs, there are two main parts of memory that are further divided into smaller sub-parts:

Low memory (0 to 1MB). This memory is all you can get if you are in real mode (such as when you are running DOS without Extended Memory.). Your modern OS usually will only need this if it really needs to talk directly to the BIOS, such as to set things up and output graphics. Here you have:

  • Free memory that the OS can use (to boot up)
  • BIOS data
  • Video memory
  • Memory-mapped BIOS ROM
  • The Interrupt Vector Table (used only by DOS and boot programs)

High memory (1MB to whatever you have installed). This part of memory is the most spacious and is what your operating systems and programs normally use.

  • LOTS of free memory
  • Memory reserved for memory-mapped devices
  • Some more BIOS data and code

There is more information out there on the Web, check the related links for some.

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