1 process at most is running.
1 process or multiple are ready.
1 process or multiple are waiting.
Multiprogramming typically requires at least one processor to manage multiple processes concurrently. However, the effectiveness of multiprogramming can be enhanced with multiple processors, as this allows for true parallel execution of processes. In a single-processor system, the CPU rapidly switches between processes to provide the illusion of concurrent execution, while in a multi-processor system, multiple processes can run simultaneously. Ultimately, the number of processors needed depends on the specific requirements and workload of the applications being executed.
Some other kinds of waiting in an operating system include waiting on applications, waiting on the user, and waiting for hardware to communicate. The operating system facilities many different components to work in sync.
GHz refers to how many instructions - or cycles - a processor can process per second.For example, if you has a 2.4 GHz processor, it could do 2,400,000,000 processes per second.
One gigahertz is equal to one billion ticks per second. A computer with a 2.5 ghz processor can do 2,500,000,000 processes per second.
Processes are dictated by the operating system, not the processor. Depending on the applications you are running and the amount of memory you have, you can probably get a couple thousand running.
The Intel Pentium 4 3.0 GHz processor is a single core processor, but if you'd like to upgrade to dual core, have a look at the Intel Pentium 4 531 3.0GHz Processor Upgrade RH008AV.
It would be impossible to list every single processor model and stepping produced by Intel.
In general, applications are I/O bound or processor bound, meaning that the process is waiting for either I/O or everything else is waiting for the processor to finish working. With the speed of today's CPU's, most modern applications are NOT processor bound, meaning that we're typically not waiting for the processor to finish what it's doing. Usually we're waiting for some kind of I/O process to complete. Many times we're I/O bound when we have insufficient memory and the operating system has to "swap" an application or parts of an application out to swap space (virtual memory) on the disk. Moving an application into and out of virtual memory becomes very time consuming and is often the reason people are advised to add more Random Access Memory (RAM) to make the computer run faster.
A 4 GHz processor is generally faster than a 2.3 GHz processor, regardless of the number of cores. The clock speed (measured in GHz) indicates how many cycles per second the processor can perform, so a higher GHz value typically means better performance in single-threaded tasks. However, a quad-core 2.3 GHz processor may perform better in multi-threaded applications compared to a single-core 4 GHz processor, depending on the workload and how well it utilizes multiple cores.
No single type of component does this, it is done by a circuit composed of many different components.
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The i7 is a 64 bit processor.