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What are the various strategies are used to handle deadlock and what is centralized and distributed deadlock detection and prevention?
There are four strategies of dealing with deadlock problem:1. The Ostrich ApproachJust ignore the deadlock problem altogether.2. Deadlock Detection and RecoveryDetect deadlock and, when it occurs, take steps to recover.3. Deadlock AvoidanceAvoid deadlock by careful resource scheduling.4. Deadlock PreventionPrevent deadlock by resource scheduling so as to negate at least one of the four conditions.
What does realtime mean?
Realtime refers to the immediate processing and delivery of data or information as it occurs, without significant delay. In computing and communication, it implies that actions, responses, or updates happen almost instantaneously, allowing users to interact with systems in a dynamic and timely manner. This concept is crucial in various applications, such as online gaming, financial trading, and live broadcasting, where delays can impact user experience or outcomes.
What is deadlock what is starvation How do they differ from each other?
A deadlock occurs when two (or more) threads have created a situation where they are all blocking each other. ... Starvation occurs when a scheduler process (i.e. the operating system) refuses to give a particular thread any quantity of a particular resource (generally CPU).
What are the differences between deadlock avoidance and deadlock prevention in operating systems?
Deadlock Prevention: o Preventing deadlocks by constraining how requests for resources can be made in the system and how they are handled (system design). o The goal is to ensure that at least one of the necessary conditions for deadlock can never hold. * Deadlock Avoidance: o The system dynamically considers every request and decides whether it is safe to grant it at this point, o The system requires additional apriori information regarding the overall potential use of each resource for each process. o Allows more concurrency. Similar to the difference between a traffic light and a police officer directing traffic. * Deadlock deduction:- Often, neither avoidance nor deadlock prevention may be used. Instead deadlock detection and process restart are used by employing an algorithm that tracks resource allocation and process states, and rolls back and restarts one or more of the processes in order to remove the deadlock. Detecting a deadlock that has already occurred is easily possible since the resources that each process has locked and/or currently requested are known to the resource scheduler or OS. Detecting the possibility of a deadlock before it occurs is much more difficult and is, in fact, generally undecidable, because the halting problem can be rephrased as a deadlock scenario. However, in specific environments, using specific means of locking resources, deadlock detection may be decidable. In the general case, it is not possible to distinguish between algorithms that are merely waiting for a very unlikely set of circumstances to occur and algorithms that will never finish because of deadlock. Deadlock detection techniques include, but is not limited to, Model checking. This approach constructs a Finite State-model on which it performs a progress analysis and finds all possible terminal sets in the model. These then each represent a deadlock.
Why was there a deadlock?
A deadlock occurs when two or more parties are unable to reach an agreement due to conflicting interests or demands, leading to a stalemate. This can happen in negotiations, political situations, or resource management, where each side maintains positions that are incompatible with the others. Factors contributing to a deadlock often include a lack of compromise, miscommunication, or deep-seated grievances. Ultimately, resolving a deadlock typically requires mediation, concessions, or a reevaluation of priorities.
What is deadlock and explain it?
A deadlock is when both sides can't agree on a decision or when something is stuck and can't move. In technology, a deadlock is a situation where a group of processes are permanently blocked as a result of each process having acquired a subset of the resources needed for its completion and waiting for release of the remaining resources held by others in the same group-thus making it impossible for any of the process to proceed.
What is deadlock in rdbms?
A deadlock is a situation in which two or more competing actions are each waiting for the other to finish, and thus neither ever does. In an operating system, a deadlock is a situation which occurs when a process enters a waiting state because a resource requested by it is being held by another waiting process, which in turn is waiting for another resource. If a process is unable to change its state indefinitely because the resources requested by it are being used by another waiting process, then the system is said to be in a deadlock.
Is it possible to occur deadlock in one process during rsource allocation?
No, deadlock occurs when two or more processes are waiting for resources held by each other, leading to a stalemate. In a single process, there is no contention for resources between different processes, so deadlock cannot occur.
A deadlock or tie in a conflict is a?
A deadlock or tie in a conflict occurs when opposing parties are unable to reach an agreement or resolution, resulting in a stalemate. In this situation, both sides may hold firm to their positions, leading to a lack of progress or compromise. Deadlocks can arise from entrenched interests, ineffective communication, or an unwillingness to concede. Resolving a deadlock often requires mediation, negotiation, or a shift in perspective to break the impasse.
What is an example of communications deadlock?
An example of communications deadlock occurs in a team meeting where two members strongly disagree on the direction of a project. Each person is adamant about their perspective and refuses to consider the other's viewpoint, leading to a stalemate where no progress is made. As a result, the discussion becomes circular, wasting time and preventing any resolution or decision-making. This deadlock can hinder the team's overall productivity and morale.
What is an application thread deadlock?
A deadlock usually occurs when there are multiple threads running. Let us say there are 3 threads A, B and C running.A is holding resources X and is currently for the resource Y to complete the operation. B is holding resources Y and is waiting for resource Z to complete. C is holding Z and is waiting for X to complete. This is called a deadlock, All the 3 threads are waiting on some resources that are being held by other waiting threads. This causes an indefinite waiting which is termed as a Deadlock
What is a constitutional deadlock?
Constitutional deadlock is a situation when at least two of the three organs (the executive, the legislative and the judiciary) is at loggerhead with each other. The deadlock occurs when one of the organ action(s) or decision goes beyond their jurisdiction. The other organ would attempt to counter / remedied the situation. It may take sometime before stalemate in the working process of the constitution is solved. See:http://www.thezimbabwemail.com/blog/zim2009/zimbabwe-constitutional-reform-should-govt-ministers-be-mps/ (very good reading) See: http://limboochang.com/?tag=constitutional-crisis-perak-pakatan-rakyat-pkr-activities-democracy-state-assemblies (the worsening of a deadlock) http://www.sodahead.com/united-states/the-17th-amendment-to-the-us-constitution/blog-214601/ (good example) See: http://gravamen.wordpress.com/2009/12/24/constitution-deadlock-sign-of-democracy's-frailty/ (additional reading on constitutional deadlock) See: http://democracyandclasstruggle.blogspot.com/2009/09/prachanda-dahal-hopeful-of-ending.html (political deadlock, but gives an idea what deadlock means.)
