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The "traceroute" program uses ICMP messaging and the time to live (TTL) field in the IP header. It works by sending a packet to the intended host with a TTL value of 1. The first router will send back the ICMP "time exceeded" message to the sending host. Then the traceroute program will send a message with a TTL of 2, then 3, etc. This way it will get information about each router using the information received in the ICMP packets. To get information about the receiving host, the message is sent to a port that is not likely to be serviced by that host. A ICMP "port unreachable" error message is generated and sent back.

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Trayce-root


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