The importance of the network model is nill to the user. I'm studying Networking right now.
the ---- of a database presents the views that the end user have
This model helps you to get everything to work together. You can bring in little details and not worry about them getting lost.
transport layer of osi model is responsible for end to end delivery of packets over a network
The Access Layer
The client-server model is a system where many clients (end users) that need the same information contact a central processing computer, called a server. In this model, no client may access information without the server. This model places emphasis on the central processing system. For example, if your mail server goes down, you can not send or receive email. The inverse of this model is the peer-to-peer model, where each end user also acts as a server. In the peer-to-peer model, the loss of a single unit diminishes the total capacity of the network, but does not cause a complete outage. For example, if you are sharing a file over the network, and you disconnect from that network, your file is no longer on the network, but other computers on that network can still access other files that are on the network.
a standard reference model for communication between to end users in a network
Modified waterfall model verified and validate the user requirements for every phase. Meanwhile, waterfall did not, it only verify and validate user requirement at the end of the phase.
Digital Subscriber line technology
Layer 3 (network layer).
An IT service desk is available to assist a user in all situations related to their computer and network. Some of these specific IT services include, configuring software and hardware for the end user and making sure the printers, servers and network are performing optimally.
The application layer in networking refers to the topmost layer of the OSI model, where end-user software applications interact with the network. It facilitates communication between software and lower network layers, enabling services like email, file transfer, and web browsing. Key protocols at this layer include HTTP, FTP, and SMTP, which define how data is formatted and transmitted. Essentially, the application layer serves as the interface between the user's applications and the underlying network infrastructure.
UPNP Universal Plug and Play - Device discovery . It goes by many names as the industry has not settled on one.