An extended partition is simply that, a partition. It may be formatted with a file system or it may not. Of course, in the latter case, it will be of no use.
In the normal sense of a "file"system, swap is not formatted as a file system. It is formatted similar to memory or RAM.
FAT File system
NTFS
Volume
not sure
the BootMgr file and the BCD file are stored in the system partition
Most hard drives have only one partition. Each partition is formatted according to one file system. So most hard drives have only one file system. However, many hard drives have two or more partitions. One common approach is to "dual boot" a computer, with Linux on one partition in the ext4 file system format, and Windows on another partition in the NTFS file system.
A storage device that can be devided into partition and have volume
system partition
ntfs, hfs+, ext4, xfs, etc.
Many drives come with a single partition already set up, but all storage devices are just treated as a mass of unallocated, free space when they contain no partitions. To actually set up a file system and save any files to the drive, the drive needs a partition. The partition can contain all of the storage space on the drive or just some of it. On many storage devices, a single partition will often take up the entire drive. Partitions are necessary because you can’t just start writing files to a blank drive. You must first create at least one container with a file system. We call this container a partition. You can have one partition that contains all the storage space on the drive or divide the space into twenty different partitions. Either way, you need at least one partition on the drive. After creating a partition, the partition is formatted with a file system — like the NTFS file system on Windows drives, FAT32 file system for removable drives, HFS+ file system on Mac computers, or the ext4 file system on Linux. Files are then written to that file system on the partition.
The formatting using its own file system is logical drive.