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Yes, a hard drive must be compatible with your computer and operating system for it to work. It must be physically and logically compatible.

The physical requirement is to have the same type of connector/bus as the computer. Modern hard drives are IDE (PATA), SATA, SAS, USB, and Firewire. You can often install a card or adapter to support types of drives for which you don't have connectors. If you have a SAS drive controller, whether on the motherboard or an add-in card, you can run either SATA or SAS hard drives in the computer. However, you cannot use a SAS drive with a regular SATA controller, despite using the same connectors. They are electrically the same, but use different commands.

The other requirement is logical. A hard drive must be 'formatted' with a filesystem supported by the operating system. The most common filesystems are HFS (Macintosh), FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS (Windows/PC). Other filesystems do exist, typically used in Unix, Linux, Solaris, and less popular OSs. Most OSs can reformat a hard drive to it's native filesystem. You can also install drivers that will allow your OS to read other types of filesystems, often by sacrificing speed. Those are usually intended for recovery or transferring data, not for daily use.

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