YES & NO
No - You cannot actually increase the RAM or CPU of one machine by linking it to another.
BUT
Yes - You can simulate this by using methods so that the end result is the same.
The common way of doing this is called "Distributed Processing" where one or more computers are designed (or have software running on them to allow) to work together. They would share tasks or even check each others work.
The how it is done part of the question is dependent on how the solution is designed. By that it is meant that computers can be designed from the ground up for this purpose or normal off the shelf computers can be used this way by networking them together and then using software to control the processing.
Another older method is called "Parallel Processing" where two or more computers split tasks into smaller chuncks and work on each at the same time. This is slightly different in that they don't share hardware but instead share the problem.
Yes. Multitasking is dependent on the operating system, not the processor.
The microchip made it possible to bring computers to the general public.
It is not possible for Albert Einstein to use computers because he has short term memory. But he can use computers with programming which makes him remember about his works.
The invention of the microchip is the event that spurred computers on to become as tiny as possible.
It is possible, but the torque converter, computers are different.It is possible, but the torque converter, computers are different.
Networks are used to communicate. A network makes it possible to share data and resources. Data: share files, share a database. Resources: on a local network, it is quite common to share a printer (for example), amongst several computers.
At one time people working with electronic computers needed to know how to move wires around to make computers work. It was called, "Wiring a board." This was replaced by punching cards. Next came programs that looked like algebra. They were somewhat easier to use but office secretaries could not use them. Finally small computers became available that could sit on or near a secretary's desk. Programs became simple enough that a secretary could use. They took some time to learn but they could be used. There was a word processor, a spreadsheet, and a data base. Then Bill Gates produced Windows. He produced a spread sheet, word processor, and a data base with windows. Wherever possible, They all used the same commands. It was also possible to move data between programs. He did not have the best word processor. Lawyers preferred WordPerfect. Still, With WordPerfect, it was not possible to use with a spreadsheet. For general office work. Gates' programs were better. So Gates made it possible for a large number of people to use a large number of computers extremely fast.
What are possible drawbacks
An upgrade is possible, but it's not an easy switch. The newer processor requires a specific chip set and socket that differs from the ones installed in most computers. Removing the motherboard may not be an option if you have a laptop, but a desktop could be rebuilt with a new motherboard and CPU to accomodate the new processor.
Advancement in scientific research have been possible mainly to the use of computers. Businesses are able to save time and resources with the use of computers. Most importantly, the computer has allowed the Internet to emerge and change the way we learn, shop, and gather information.
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They can make an education possible when there is no other way. This page covers the basics of student loans and points you towards additional resources.