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Net BUI
Protocols are set of standards that help programmers/designers/administrators to have common set of standards for Computing & Network Devices.
The most popular is the TCP/IP suite of protocols
Network services, Protocols and Transmission Meida.
These are called protocols - a standard set of rules for common communications across networks.
Because the internet is not homogeneous. Some segments of the internet are ethernet, some are SONET, ect. Some datalink layer protocols are more suited for one application than another. What links all these segments is the Network protocol. The network protocol used on the internet is IP.
A network application has two components, one that runs on the local computer and one that runs on a remote computer. E-mail and surfing the internet are a common example of a network application.
In the Application Layer, two common forms of software that provide network access are web browsers and email clients. Web browsers, such as Chrome or Firefox, enable users to access and interact with web content over the Internet. Email clients, like Outlook or Thunderbird, facilitate the sending, receiving, and management of email communications across networks. Both types of applications utilize protocols like HTTP and SMTP to function effectively.
A protocol is a set of rules describing some behavior. In order to communicate in a common manner, the sender and receiver have to agree on the "language" of communication. A protocol states what those rules are, and because they are a standard, everyone agrees and knows what to expect.
No, this is a common misconception. The application layer is the interface between programs (applications) and the network layers.
The most common Network routing protcols used for interior routing is OSPF and RIP. RIP is still common because of its compability whit older hardware and software.
Peer to Peer network model is a way to share data amongst Devices in a WorkGroup. This method requires same Compatible Operating Systems & Common usernames along with same Protocols.