The SONET/SDH standard includes a definition of a transmission protocol stack which solves the operation and maintenance problems often found when dealing with networks that have component streams lacking a common clock. The photonic layer is the electrical and optical interface for transporting information over fiber optic cabling. It converts STS electrical signals into optical light pulses (and vice versa, at the receiving end).
The section layer transports STS frames over optical cabling. This layer is commonly compared with the Data-Link layer of the OSI model, which also handles framing and physical transfer. The line layer takes care of a number of functions, including synchronization and multiplexing for the path layer above it. It also provides automatic protection switching, which uses provisioned spare capacity in the event of a failure on the primary circuit. The highest level, the path layer, takes services such as DS-3, T1, or ISDN and maps them into the SONET/SDH format. This layer, which can be accessed only by equipment like an add/drop multiplexer (a device that breaks down a SONET/SDH line into its component parts), takes care of all end-to-end communications, maintenance, and control.
explanation of how each function relates to an organization and explain how internal and external factors impact the four functions of management far as planning organizing leading controlling.
The four layers of the rain forest are (top to bottom:Emergent LayerCanopyUnderstoryForest Floor
There are four layers in a rain forest
The four functions of the skin are protection, sensation, regulation, and absorption.
The variable that is used to separate the atmosphere into four layers is temperature. The four layers are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere, and each layer is defined by changes in temperature with altitude.
mantle
Four
four.
the four basic functions of the microcomputer are input, output, processing, and storage of data.
The four functions of the placenta Transfers gassesTransports nutrients Excretions of wast's Hormone productions
Describe that four functions performed by retailers?
functions of music in mass media