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The two primary standards used to represent character codes are ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) and Unicode. ASCII uses a 7-bit binary code to represent 128 characters, including English letters, digits, and control characters. Unicode, on the other hand, is a more comprehensive standard that can represent over 143,000 characters from various writing systems, allowing for global text representation and supporting multiple languages. Unicode can be implemented in several encoding forms, such as UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32.

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