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Microwave frequencies are generally considered to be in the region above 1000 Megahertz, (About 30 cm wavelength.) and as the gain of an antenna depends on it's size in wavelengths, it is possible to make very tightly focused beams at these wavelengths.

This then allows low power transmitters to communicate over long distances by aiming a beam of energy at a receiving antenna.

The disadvantage is that it is strictly line of sight, so mountains or earth's curvature will block the signal, hence microwave systems are often mounted on towers or tall buildings.

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