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Two ICMPv6 messages not present in ICMP for IPv4 are Neighbor Solicitation and Neighbor Advertisement. These messages are used in the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) to facilitate address resolution and to determine the link-layer addresses of neighboring nodes. Additionally, ICMPv6 includes the Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement messages, which help in the discovery of routers on the local network, a feature not directly available in IPv4 ICMP.

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What transport layer protocol does ping use?

Assuming IPv4 ICMP. Ping uses IP for transport. Ping in itself is an "Echo Request", which is a function of the ICMP protocol. The IP Packet will carry the ICMP protocol from end-to-end. ICMP has a protocol number of 1, so the "Protocol" field in the IPv4 header will contain "1" as a reference to the ICMP payload. For IPv6, ICMPv6 is used, and the transport will be IPv6.


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The command used to test the IPv4 protocol stack is ping. This command sends Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packets to a specified IP address and waits for a response, helping to diagnose network connectivity issues. By using ping, users can determine if a host is reachable over the network and measure the round-trip time for messages sent.


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To determine if an IPv4 packet is carrying an ICMPv4 packet, you can examine the packet's protocol field in the IPv4 header. The protocol field specifies the type of payload the IPv4 packet carries, and for ICMPv4, this field is set to 1. Additionally, you can analyze the packet's structure; ICMPv4 packets have a specific format beginning with a type field that indicates the kind of ICMP message being transmitted.


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