A cell reference that remains the same when copied is called an absolute reference. It is denoted by adding dollar signs before the column letter and row number, such as $A$1. This means that when you copy the formula to another cell, the reference will not change, allowing you to consistently refer to the same cell regardless of where the formula is pasted.
A cell that remains the same when copied or filled to other cells is known as an "absolute reference" in spreadsheet applications like Excel. It is denoted by a dollar sign before the column letter and row number (e.g., $A$1). When copied, this reference does not change, allowing users to maintain a constant reference to the same cell regardless of its new location.
An absolute reference. An absolute cell reference.
A relative cell reference in spreadsheets adjusts based on the position of the cell it is copied to, such as A1 changing to B1 when moved one column to the right. In contrast, an absolute cell reference remains constant regardless of where it is copied, typically denoted by a dollar sign (e.g., $A$1). This means that if you copy a formula with an absolute reference, it will always refer to the same cell. Using relative references is useful for calculations across multiple rows or columns, while absolute references are helpful when you need to reference a fixed value.
One way is that you can make the cell reference an absolute reference. So cell A1 would be typed as $A$1 in the formula. Any particular formula that is being copied is usually copied either across or down, but rarely both. Because of this, you can actually use a mixed reference as the other option. If the formula is to be copied down, then you lock the row part of the reference, so it would be A$1 as the reference. If it is being copied across, you lock the column part of the reference, so it would be $A1 as the reference. As most people aren't as familiar with mixed references, they usually use absolute references anyway. The answer to your question is absolute and mixed.
If you want to copy a formula from one cell to another (or fill down) without Excel changing the cell references automatically, you'll need to write the cell references with dollar signs included for absolute referencing. Eg: the reference '$D3' locks the reference to column 'D' but allows the row to change when the cell is copied. Eg: the reference 'D$3' locks the reference to row '3' but allows the column to change when the cell is copied. Eg: the reference '$D$3' locks the reference to column 'D' and row '3', so the cell reference cannot change at all when the cell is copied. While you are typing in a cell reference, pressing the 'F4' key will cycle through the combinations for you, so you don't need to type the dollar signs yourself.
A relative cell reference is one that will change to a different cell if you copy the formula. An absolute reference is one that will always use the same cell. For example, say you have a percentage in cell B1 that you want to add to all the cells from A3 down. In cell B3 you could use the formula '=A3*(1+$B$1)'. If you copy this formula to the cells below B3, the reference to A3 will change to be the cell immediately to the left, because it is a relative cell reference. By adding the $ symbol before the B and the 1, however, an absolute reference is created. It will always refer to cell B1.
What determines what type of reference a cell is, is how it is typed, not what happens when you copy it. It is the type of reference that influences how it changes when it is copied, not the other way around. If the formula does not change at all, it would be an absolute reference. The cell references would all have 2 dollars, like $C$5. If it does change, it can be either a mixed or a relative reference. A mixed reference will have one dollar sign, either $C5 or C$5. What direction it is copied will and how it changes, is determined by which dollar you have. The first dollar locks the column, and the second dollar locks the row. A relative reference has no dollars. Copying a formula from C13 to D13, will change the column references only, so if the cell reference is the first kind of mixed, then it won't change.
If a formula is copied across the column references will change, but the row references will stay the same. So for example C3 would become D3, then E3, then F3 and so on. The column letter is changing, but the row number is not.
If you copy the content of cell B4 to cell C6, the resulting cell reference in C6 will be adjusted based on the relative position of the cells. Since C6 is two columns to the right of B4 and in the same row, C6 will reference the value in B4 directly as it is a relative reference. Therefore, C6 will display whatever value or formula was originally in B4.
only d formula will b copied not the reference..
An absolute reference.
first