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The Colossus computers (1943-1945) could perform Boolean and counting processes in support of cryptoanalysis of secret German military codes, which used various mechanical encoders.

The computers used vacuum tubes and switches set by hand, with data input from a paper-tape loop. A total of 11 Colossus computers were built by the end of World War 2.

The main task of the computers was to find patterns of coded letter substitution that matched repetition and letter percentages, which greatly reduced the work of the main codebreakers. The method was created by mathematician William T. Tuttle and enabled a number of successful code-reading breakthroughs.

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