TCP uses acknowledgment (ACK) packets to indicate that it has properly received a sequence of packets. When a sender transmits data, the receiver sends back an ACK packet containing the next expected sequence number, confirming receipt of all prior packets. This mechanism helps ensure reliable data transmission and allows the sender to manage retransmissions for any lost packets.
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Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 2, Lost = 2 (50% loss)
It is used to keep track of the data packets being sent to and from hosts.
I think PDR= Packets Received / Packets Sent Packets sent/received values should be from same layer. i.e. all from application layer or network layer...etc
ACK packets, NAK packets, or a packet timeout happens at the sending device.
A firewall reassembles a data stream that has been divided by using protocols such as TCP, which includes sequence numbers in its packets. When packets arrive at the firewall, it examines these sequence numbers to determine the correct order and ensure all segments are received. The firewall may also employ buffers to temporarily hold incoming packets until all segments of the stream are available for reassembly. Once complete, the firewall can then process the data as a whole before forwarding it to its destination.
The reason for the numbers on the packets of Hall's Soothers is to indicate the strength. The higher the number is the more coolness the drops have.
It is used to keep track of the data packets being sent to and from hosts.
This Answer for Your Question : sequence number
Variation in the delay of packets being received.
no you must read the packets and they should indicate wheather they are or not
Packets are never repeated in a network because information in their headers will always change (sequence id, checksums, etc.). The data may be repeated, but that is only a part of the packet.