Any formula can contain an absolute cell reference. There is no special name for a formula with an absolute reference in it.
Any formula can contain an absolute cell reference. There is no special name for a formula with an absolute reference in it.
Any formula can contain an absolute cell reference. There is no special name for a formula with an absolute reference in it.
Any formula can contain an absolute cell reference. There is no special name for a formula with an absolute reference in it.
Any formula can contain an absolute cell reference. There is no special name for a formula with an absolute reference in it.
Any formula can contain an absolute cell reference. There is no special name for a formula with an absolute reference in it.
Any formula can contain an absolute cell reference. There is no special name for a formula with an absolute reference in it.
Any formula can contain an absolute cell reference. There is no special name for a formula with an absolute reference in it.
Any formula can contain an absolute cell reference. There is no special name for a formula with an absolute reference in it.
Any formula can contain an absolute cell reference. There is no special name for a formula with an absolute reference in it.
Any formula can contain an absolute cell reference. There is no special name for a formula with an absolute reference in it.
You use a mixed or an absolute reference. This is done by adding dollar symbols into a cell A1 is a relative reference and will change when copied. $A1 is a mixed reference, in which the row reference changes but the column reference does not. A$1 is a mixed reference, in which the column reference changes but the row reference does not. $A$1 is an absolute reference, so neither the column or row reference changes. In most cases only a mixed reference is needed, though it is common to use an absolute reference. You lock the column reference when copying a formula across a row and you lock the row reference when you are copying a formula down a column. It is only on the very rare occasion that a formula is being copied both down and across, into a block, that an absolute reference is needed.
It is possible for a formula not to have any cell references. Lots of functions do not use any values. To show the current date you could have the following in a formula:=TODAY()You could have a formula with a single cell reference with some operation being done on it:=B4*10You can have a formula that just has a cell reference which will just request that the current cell displays what is seen in another cell:=B4It is possible for a formula not to have any cell references. Lots of functions do not use any values. To show the current date you could have the following in a formula:=TODAY()You could have a formula with a single cell reference with some operation being done on it:=B4*10You can have a formula that just has a cell reference which will just request that the current cell displays what is seen in another cell:=B4It is possible for a formula not to have any cell references. Lots of functions do not use any values. To show the current date you could have the following in a formula:=TODAY()You could have a formula with a single cell reference with some operation being done on it:=B4*10You can have a formula that just has a cell reference which will just request that the current cell displays what is seen in another cell:=B4It is possible for a formula not to have any cell references. Lots of functions do not use any values. To show the current date you could have the following in a formula:=TODAY()You could have a formula with a single cell reference with some operation being done on it:=B4*10You can have a formula that just has a cell reference which will just request that the current cell displays what is seen in another cell:=B4It is possible for a formula not to have any cell references. Lots of functions do not use any values. To show the current date you could have the following in a formula:=TODAY()You could have a formula with a single cell reference with some operation being done on it:=B4*10You can have a formula that just has a cell reference which will just request that the current cell displays what is seen in another cell:=B4It is possible for a formula not to have any cell references. Lots of functions do not use any values. To show the current date you could have the following in a formula:=TODAY()You could have a formula with a single cell reference with some operation being done on it:=B4*10You can have a formula that just has a cell reference which will just request that the current cell displays what is seen in another cell:=B4It is possible for a formula not to have any cell references. Lots of functions do not use any values. To show the current date you could have the following in a formula:=TODAY()You could have a formula with a single cell reference with some operation being done on it:=B4*10You can have a formula that just has a cell reference which will just request that the current cell displays what is seen in another cell:=B4It is possible for a formula not to have any cell references. Lots of functions do not use any values. To show the current date you could have the following in a formula:=TODAY()You could have a formula with a single cell reference with some operation being done on it:=B4*10You can have a formula that just has a cell reference which will just request that the current cell displays what is seen in another cell:=B4It is possible for a formula not to have any cell references. Lots of functions do not use any values. To show the current date you could have the following in a formula:=TODAY()You could have a formula with a single cell reference with some operation being done on it:=B4*10You can have a formula that just has a cell reference which will just request that the current cell displays what is seen in another cell:=B4It is possible for a formula not to have any cell references. Lots of functions do not use any values. To show the current date you could have the following in a formula:=TODAY()You could have a formula with a single cell reference with some operation being done on it:=B4*10You can have a formula that just has a cell reference which will just request that the current cell displays what is seen in another cell:=B4It is possible for a formula not to have any cell references. Lots of functions do not use any values. To show the current date you could have the following in a formula:=TODAY()You could have a formula with a single cell reference with some operation being done on it:=B4*10You can have a formula that just has a cell reference which will just request that the current cell displays what is seen in another cell:=B4
One way is that you can make the cell reference an absolute reference. So cell A1 would be typed as $A$1 in the formula. Any particular formula that is being copied is usually copied either across or down, but rarely both. Because of this, you can actually use a mixed reference as the other option. If the formula is to be copied down, then you lock the row part of the reference, so it would be A$1 as the reference. If it is being copied across, you lock the column part of the reference, so it would be $A1 as the reference. As most people aren't as familiar with mixed references, they usually use absolute references anyway. The answer to your question is absolute and mixed.
A mixed reference has only one dollar symbol. An absolute reference has two dollar symbols: $A3 is mixed. A$3 is mixed. $A$3 is absolute. A3 is relative. A mixed reference only locks the column or only the row, when copying a formula. In most instances where people use an absolute reference, a mixed reference would work. Most formulas are either copied down or across, but rarely both down and across. If you were using A3 in a formula and wanted to make it absolute, then you consider these things: If a formula is copied down, then it is only necessary to lock the row, so A$3 is sufficient. If a formula is copied across, then it is only necessary to lock the column, so $A3 is sufficient. In both cases, $A$3 would work, but depending on which direction you are copying, you would only need one of the mixed forms. As most people don't know the way mixed references can be used, they just use an absolute. It is only if a formula is being copied into a block, so both down and across, that an absolute is needed.
You use absolute or mixed references. If you wanted to keep the cell A2 permanently in a formula when it is copied you could put it in as an absolute reference by adding dollar symbols to it like this: $A$2 If a formula containing the reference like that is copied down or across, it will still refer to the cell A2. If the formula is only being copied down, then it could be put in as A$2 and if was only being copied across it could be put in as $A2 and in both cases it will not change the reference and it will still look in A2.
While typing in a formula the F4 key can be used to change a cell reference to being relative, absolute and mixed. This makes it slightly quicker to do.
Absolute cell referencing is used for formulas that are being copied from one cell to another and are required to reference a constant cell. They could be used for working with percentages that are being used by a range of calculations for example. So if you have a list of values that have to be taxed, the tax rate could be put in near the top of the column and then used for all values. Usually when we use absolutes, we only really need a mixed reference. If a formula is being copied down, then it is only necessary to lock the row. If it is being copied across, it is only necessary to lock the column. The only time you need an absolute reference is when a formula is being copied down and across, which doesn't happen very often. Even when people only need a mixed reference, they use an absolute reference anyway, and usually that is not a problem and it is fine to do so. If you had a block of cells that covered a number of rows and columns, and you need to multiply each figure by a percentage rate, you could use an absolute reference. It might be a block of individual cells by a salesman that each earns a commission. So your range of sales could be in the cells B3 to H15. In B1, you could have the percentage rate. You then might want all the commissions in the cells B17 to H29. In B17 you would put the following formula and copy it down and across to fill the range B17 to H29. =B3*$B$1
The cell reference will maintain itself if it is an absolute cell reference. This is being done by having two dollar signs, one before the cell column and one before the cell row, like this: $F$3
The example below shows a formula being created to work out the amount of discount each order would receive. The order totals are in column F and the discount rate is in B13. The initial formula has therefore been set up as: =F2*B13 The formula will generate a result for the first order. However, when copied, you will get zeros against the discount amounts for the other orders. This is due to the relative referencing that Excel applies to all formulae by default. Having copied the above formula, if you clicked on any formula in the Discount amount column below the first one, you would see that Excel has updated the references (=F3*B14, F4*B15). This is where the problem lies - you want Excel to change the first reference as your formula needs to refer to the different order totals, but the discount rate should remain constant. You need to make that reference absolute. F To make a reference absolute: Keyboard · Move to the cell where you have typed the formula and press [F2] to access Edit mode. · Move the cursor with the arrow keys so that it is next to the reference we want to fix. · Press [F4]. Dollar signs will appear against the column letter and the row number. · Press [ENTER] to confirm the change. In our example, amending the formula to read: =F2*$B$13 would prevent Excel from changing the B13 reference when the formula is copied. Fill handle You can get the fill handle to fill formulas down to the same level as the entries in the previous column by double-clicking on it. Pressing [F4] repeatedly over a reference allows you to toggle between making both the row and column absolute ($A$1), just the column absolute ($A1), just the row (A$1), or nothing absolute (A1).
The sign itself is still referred to as a dollar, but it changes a cell reference from being a relative reference to being either a mixed reference, if one dollar is used, or an absolute reference if two dollars are used.
Absolute cell referencing is used for formulas that are being copied from one cell to another and the required to reference a constant cell. A business could use them for working with percentages that are being used by a range of calculations. So if they have a list of values that have to be taxed, the tax rate could be put in near the top of the column and then used for all values. So say the values to be taxed are in column B, starting at cell B3 and the tax rate is in cell C2. A formula that could be used would be as follows, being put in C3:=B3*$C$2When the formula is copied down, the B3 will become B4 and then B5 and so on, which is what we would want. As the rate is in the cell C2, we would not want it to change, so it won't. To adjust the rate we just change what is in cell C2 and do not have to do anything to the formulas.Businesses use an absolute reference when they are referring to formulas and worksheets in Excel. When they do this, they are doing it to ensure that the formula doesn't change with the data.
An absolute reference would be the normal type to use: =B2*$A$2 However, if your formula is being copied down a column, it would be sufficient to use a mixed address in this form: =B2*A$2 In the same way, if your formula is being copied across a row, this form of mixed address will work: =B2*$A2 In either of those last two scenarios, people still tend to use an absolute address anyway and that usually works perfectly.