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Computer memory works like this: a hard disk etc. is devided up into little packets. Let's say that file one takes up one packet, file two takes up two, and file three takes up three. The disk could then be diagrammed like this: 1-2-2-3-3-3. Then, you delete file two and install file four, which takes up four spaces. A computer always tries to keep files together. The disk can now thus be diagrammed like this: 1-4-4-3-3-3-4-4. This means that to access the second half of file four the computer has to cross all of file three, which makes it slower. That is fragmentation.

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