Well, isn't that just a happy little question! To calculate the baud rate for a 72000 bps 64-QAM signal, you simply divide the bit rate by the number of bits per symbol. In this case, for 64-QAM, each symbol represents 6 bits (2^6 = 64), so the baud rate would be 72000 bps divided by 6, which equals 12000 baud. Just remember, there are no mistakes, only happy little accidents in the world of calculations!
in qpsk we are using phases for representation of messages while in qam we hav amplitude levels. in qpsk 2 bits per symbol is used with four different phases. in qam depanding on type i.e 16 qam,64 qam,256 qam how many amplitude levels to be used accordingly i.e 16,64,256. sonender kumar
In Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the number of possible symbols is determined by the modulation order, which is typically expressed as (2^M), where (M) is the number of bits per symbol. For example, 16-QAM has (2^4 = 16) possible symbols, while 64-QAM has (2^6 = 64) possible symbols. The higher the modulation order, the more symbols are available, allowing for higher data rates but also requiring better signal quality to minimize errors.
In 32-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), there are 32 different symbols. To determine how many bits each symbol conveys, you can use the formula ( \log_2(N) ), where ( N ) is the number of symbols. Therefore, ( \log_2(32) = 5 ), meaning each symbol in 32-QAM conveys 5 bits of data.
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The maximum data rate of an analog circuit can be estimated using the Shannon-Hartley theorem. For a bandwidth of 10 MHz and using 64-QAM, which has a modulation efficiency of 6 bits per symbol (since 64-QAM can represent 64 different symbols), the theoretical maximum data rate would be approximately ( R = B \cdot \log_2(M) ), where ( B ) is the bandwidth and ( M ) is the number of symbols. Thus, ( R = 10 \text{ MHz} \cdot 6 \text{ bits/symbol} = 60 \text{ Mbps} ). The V.44 compression standard may further enhance effective data rates, but the basic maximum rate without considering compression remains 60 Mbps.
You are asking this question because you are trying to cheat on your homework!
7 bits per baud. With a constellation of 128 points = 2^7 points, each symbol can carry 7 bits.
64 bits
In telecommunications is:If the code rate is k/n, for every k bits of useful information, the coder generates totally n bits of data, of which n-k are redundant.See the related link for further information.For example:MODULATION CODING RATEBPSK 1/2QPSK 1/2QPSK 3/416 QAM 3/4256 QAM 3/4256 QAM 5/6In all cases we have 1 redundant bit.
640 Kilobyte is equal to 5243000 bits (1 KB = 8192 bits)
In a 64-bit system, there are 8 bits in a byte.