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A lock file is used to synchronization. A program or process can check for the lock file, and if it is present and the current process does not own the lock file then some operations may be prohibited to the calling process.

It is a way of making sure that other processes do not interfere with operations. For example, if you start the line printer spooling software it can create a lock file. This will stop other attempts to duplicate the line printer spooler because it is already running.

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