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MicroprocessorA microprocessor is a computer processor on a microchip. It contains all the essential components and need RAM memory only. Some Microprocessors also hold their own RAM ("Random Access Memory"). A microprocessor is designed to perform arithmetic and logic operations that make use of data on the chip and data in RAM. Typical microprocessor operations include adding, subtracting, comparing two numbers, and jumping in the instruction set. These operations are the result of the code produced. When the computer is turned on, the microprocessor is designed to get the first instruction from the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) that comes with the computer. After that, either the BIOS, or the operating system that BIOS loads into computer memory, or an application program is "driving" the microprocessor, giving it instructions to perform.

A microprocessor computes instructions depending on how fast the processor is designed and if the processor's clock crystal (think of the clock crystal as a metronome). The faster (in mHz or gHz) the processor and its clock crystal are, the better.

Processors currently come in 8, 16, 32 and 64 bit versions. AMD, Intel and VIA are the three leading processor manufacturers. On e.g. washing machines, you can make all the logic needed with a simple 8 bit system that holds all operating system and programs on the chip. More sophisticated may need 16 bit. There is one down-side to using many bits for data, and that is that the more you have to load into the microprocessor, the longer time will it take, and the slower will you perceive that the device is - unless someone is cheating and does things for more than one at a time.

You have the option of buying a traditional single-core processor, or the newer technology: dual/duo or quad core processors. These technologies essentially contain two or four or more CPU that share the same cache, which enable more instructions to be executed. The faster the clock cycle is, the more heat will the microprocessor require. The alternative is to change technology - chemistry and use denser circuits. CMOS operate at 1.6V and require very little to blow the device to kingdom come. But this is the dominant technology. Faster switching may be achieved by e.g. SOS, advance nMOS but will require more power.

The speed of the light limits the clock frequency that is used. So 2GHz makes the distance the electricity travels between during each cycle around 17cm or 7". Placing more on the actual microprocessor, and reduce the number of bits and thus the complexity, is a simple way to make devices run faster and more reliable.
A microprocessor is an integral circuit that acts as the main processing unit of a computer. Known as the "brain" of the computer it carries out instructions, performs calculations and interacts with the components which operate the machine.
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