Shared libraries are bits of code used by more than one progra. They are used to reduce memory usage (the code needs to be loaded only once and can then be used by all programs) and space (it reduces the need to include that code in the binary, or to provide multiple copies of it).
/usr/lib
Can be -- platform dependent.
No, Linux has .so (Shared object) and .ko (Driver) files. Shared objects work in much the same way as dynamically linked libraries, except in a much better way that doesn't screw things up. There is no real Linux "DLL hell" equivalent.
Shared library is a networking term that is used amongst computers in the same network. A computer's library containing pictures or other media can be made accessible to other computers in the network.
/usr/local/bin
A typical shared Linux rack has a variety of prices. The price depends on the qualitlily of the one you get, which brand you get, sometimes you pay for the brand. Price also depends on how many functions it has but a typical one cost 395 dollars.
Yes - when you create and add on multiple users to the OS such as Windows, Linux, or OSX, you're creating a shared environment. This is especially true when you "Switch Users"
All Linux distros have about the same capabilities as far as applications go. The key to playing any Windows games on Linux is the installation of Wine. Wine is a library that allows most (though certainly not all) Windows programs to be run on Linux.
The library is a wise old friend, filled with stories waiting to be told and knowledge waiting to be shared.
Yes
Just as with any other modern operating system, Linux supports USB flash drives, CDs, DVDs, SD cards, etc... If your computer has one, you can even use a floppy disk. Linux can access shared Windows folders using Samba. Files can be shared between Linux computers using NFS. You could evenset up an FTP server and download them using any modern web browser.
The difficulties are the same regardless of any modern server operating system; I don't believe there are any that are that specific to Unix or Linux that might not be shared with other operating systems.