In information technology / database technology this would be a data table. Conceptually, think of it as a spread sheet. Each row contains a set of columns. The values in the columns usually represent a single instantiation of a entity.
?
The only chemistry term I can think of that would apply is "series of columns". I'm not really a chromatographer, but it's possible that such an arrangement might be useful in some of the more esoteric applications. If you're talking about architecture, I believe the term is "colonnade".
A collection of data organized into columns and rows generally is called a TABLE.
A saved workbook in excel is called a spreadsheet. It contains one or more worksheets, which is an arrangement of columns and rows.
Data in order from smallest to largest or vice-versa is called numerical order. It is a systematic arrangement of numbers.
Groups, 1 through to 8 (or 0) The internet will tell you details about the individual groups. P.S. The rows are called periods
An arrangement of polygonal regions could be called a tessellation. This usually occurs when these regions are placed over a plane. The shapes in these regions are usually hexagons, equilateral triangles, and squares.
The columns are called groups (or, sometimes, families). The rows are called periods.
periods are the rows and families are the columns
The columns are known as groups.
The vertical columns of a periodic table are called groups or families. They share similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.
The vertical columns of the periodic table are called groups or families.