NTDS.DIT
The role of ESE in an active directory is to store and retrieve data through indexed and sequential access.Its the data storage technology from Microsoft.
Windows 2000 Active Directory data store, the actual database file, is %SystemRoot%\ntds\NTDS.DIT
The schema is the Active Directory component that defines all the objects and attributes that the directory service uses to store data.
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Active Directory is called active bacause it is actively updating it's data through replication from differnt sites and other domain controllers with in the network
Active Directory service is used to store information about the network resources across a domain and also centralize the network.
At Active Directory configuration partition
Metadata in Active Directory refers to data that describes the properties and characteristics of objects within the directory, such as users, groups, and computers. This includes attributes like user names, security identifiers (SIDs), and permissions, as well as schema information that defines the structure of the data. Metadata is essential for the functioning of Active Directory, enabling efficient organization, retrieval, and management of directory objects. It also plays a crucial role in replication and consistency across domain controllers.
DomainDNSzones
Schema