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"Analog" means something that essentially resembles something else; an analog signal has the same smoothly varying structure as a real-world signal such as a sound, for example. "Digital" means composed of digits, in other words, of numbers. The real world is not composed of numbers (although if you examine it on a sufficiently small scale, it turns out to be quantized, which means that in a sense, the real world is digital after all) but you can approximate the real world if you use enough numbers to do so. The simplest example of this (in case my explanation is not already clear) is in sound recording technology. The old-fashioned vinyl record album contains a groove in which the shape of the vinyl reflects the pattern of a sound wave. No numbers are involved. A needle riding in that groove will physically move the way a sound wave moves. Then you have a digital medium such as a compact disc. It records a series of numbers which can be translated by a computer into a sound.

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