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Digital data is information represented by numbers (digits). All information, no matter how abstract, can be reduced to a single number. And anything that can be represented numerically can be represented in a digital computer; we simply convert the number to its binary (base 2) equivalent.

We use base 2 representations for the simple reason that it is easy to represent opposing states in a machine. If we think of punch cards, either there is a hole in a given position or there is not. If we think of DVDs, either there is pit in a given position or there is not (the absence of a pit is known as a land). If we think of magnetic mediums, either the particles are in the positive phase or the negative phase. Optical readers (such as barcode readers) use black and white stripes or boxes. Even a simple switch can be on or off.

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