Any encrypted file system is a file storage system in which the files have had a cipher (or algorithm) applied to change the data to undecipherable bits without the cipher decrypting them. It is a secure means in which to store personal or classified information so that a person who gains access without the proper password or key cannot access the information. See also: encryption, securing data with an algorithm, secure data storage
Nothing. The FAT file system simply does not support the features needed for file/folder encryption. You'll have to convert the volume to NTFS.
Encryption is available in the NTFS file system but not in FAT32 primarily due to the advanced features and capabilities of NTFS. NTFS was designed with security and permissions in mind, allowing for individual file encryption through the Encrypting File System (EFS). In contrast, FAT32 is a simpler file system that lacks the structure needed to support such security features, focusing instead on broader compatibility and ease of use across different operating systems. As a result, FAT32 does not include built-in encryption capabilities.
No NTFS is the only file system capable of encryption
Encryption is available in the NTFS file system because it supports advanced security features, including file permissions and access control, which are essential for managing encrypted data. NTFS is designed for use in environments requiring high security and data integrity, while FAT32 is a simpler file system that lacks these advanced features. Consequently, FAT32 does not provide the necessary infrastructure to implement encryption effectively.
Convert the volume to NTFS
Convert a FAT volume to NTFS so that you can use encryption.
If you mean full Hard disk encryption, right down to the FAT Table, then I would recommend using a third party program that supports such functions such as "Truecrypt". NTFS for example supports file encryption and windows has "Bitlocker" which supports a type of drive encryption and file container encryption. There are also hardware based methods which allows for OS transparent hard drive encryption that would prevent the drive from being read in another system without the hardware key. File system is USUALLY not important. Since encryption at a hardware level bypasses the OS and is transparent to it.
Encrypting File System (EFS)
When you move an encrypted file from a Windows system to a Windows 8 or Windows 7 Home Premium computer, the file cannot be decrypted unless the destination system supports the same encryption method and the user has the appropriate decryption key or certificate. Specifically, if the file is encrypted using Windows' Encrypting File System (EFS) and the Home Premium edition does not support EFS, the file will remain inaccessible. Users should ensure they have a backup of the encryption keys or certificates to access the file on a compatible system.
Folder encryption is a form of disk encryption where individual files or directories are encrypted by the file system itself. More information can be found at Microsoft.
Encrypting File System (EFS)
Security.