An internal command is a command built into the command interpreter (such as Command Prompt in Windows), allowing it to execute without needing a separate executable file. Examples include commands like COPY
, DIR
, and DEL
. An external command, on the other hand, is a separate executable file (like .exe
, .com
, or .bat
files) that the command interpreter can run, such as PING
or FORMAT
. If a command is not recognized, it may indicate that it is not an internal command or that the external command's executable file is not found in the system's PATH.
The error "'reg' is not recognized as an internal or external command operable program or batch file" typically means that the command-line tool is not found in the system's PATH environment variable. To resolve this, ensure that you are using the command prompt with administrative privileges, as some commands require elevated permissions. If the issue persists, check that the Windows Registry Editor (reg.exe) is present in the C:\Windows\System32 directory, and if not, you may need to repair your Windows installation or restore the missing file. Lastly, verify that your system's PATH variable includes C:\Windows\System32.
Internal commands are executed by the shell and do not exist as a separate binary program. You can find out which of these there are by looking at the 'man' entry for the shell you are using. External commands can be found in various directories, such as /bin, /usr/bin, etc.
internal interrupt is synchronous with the program while external interrupts are asynchronous.
Internal QC is from within the organization; external is from outside...
Output documentation
Internal commands are built into the command interpreter of an operating system, allowing them to be executed without requiring a separate program file. They typically include commands for file management, system configuration, and process control, such as cd, dir, or echo. Unlike external commands, internal commands do not rely on external executables, making them faster to execute and often essential for basic system operations. Additionally, they operate directly within the command shell environment.
An OS is usually an Internal program that controls the machine it is in.
Internal documentation is the one in which various information regarding the program is enlisted in the program itself i.e. in the form of comments. On the contrary, external documentation is the one that is prepared separately to inform the users about the system.
It doesn't matter what language the external program or function was written in since all executables must be converted to machine code. To execute an external function, that function must reside in a library to which your program is linked and you must know the prototype of the function you intend to call. This is usually found in the library header file which can simply be included in your program. You can then call the external function just as you would an internal function. To execute a specific function in another program, however, you must use the command line interface for that program.
Telnet is a Windows program, not a MS-DOS one. It is not available in pure MS-DOS.
INTERNAL COMMANDSThese are those commands which are contained in command.com files of MS-DOS.These are those functions that are built into the command interpreter.There is no need of any external file in computer to read internal MS-DOS command.These commands can be used as long as DOS is running on the system.Internal commands do not vary from system to system.These are ver, time, del, md, cd, copy con, cls, date, vol, ren, copy etc.EXTERNAL COMMANDSThese are those commands which are not in-built in MS-DOS.External commands are those which are not included in the interpreter.There is a need of an internal file in the computer to read external MS-DOS command.External command may vary from system to system. This means any two computers with same version of MS-DOS may have same internal commands, but may have different external commands.These are tree, xcopy, diskcopy, more, print etc.
Yes, the PATH command is an internal command in MS-DOS. It is used to specify the directories in which the operating system looks for executable files when a command is entered. By modifying the PATH variable, users can streamline command execution and avoid typing the full path to a program.