bits, frames, packets, segments
layer 2
Encapsulation
internet
MAC is a sublayer of Data layer.
In the OSI model, encapsulation occurs as data is passed down through the layers. At the Application layer (Layer 7), data is created and then passed to the Presentation layer (Layer 6) for formatting. The Session layer (Layer 5) manages sessions, while the Transport layer (Layer 4) adds headers for segmentation and reliability. As data moves down to the Network layer (Layer 3), it receives IP addressing, followed by the Data Link layer (Layer 2), which adds MAC addressing and framing, and finally, the Physical layer (Layer 1) transmits the raw bits over the physical medium. Each layer adds its own header (and sometimes footer) to the data, forming a protocol data unit (PDU) specific to that layer.
The process of taking data from the layer above and adding a header with addressing information is called "encapsulation." In networking, this occurs as data is passed down through the OSI model layers, where each layer adds its own header (or trailer) to the data unit, creating a new protocol data unit (PDU) for that layer. This encapsulation ensures that the data is properly routed and processed by the appropriate protocols at each layer.
the network layer --> check your question. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ That is totally not the right answer, how about you actually read the book for the course. It is the data link layer that does encapsulation. I agree - its the Data Link Layer which encapsulates the Network layer...NOT the Network Layer.
Encapsulation in layered communications refers to the process of wrapping data with protocol information as it moves down the layers of the OSI or TCP/IP model. Each layer adds its own header (and sometimes trailer) to the data from the layer above, creating a "packet" at the transport layer, a "frame" at the data link layer, and so on. This method allows each layer to operate independently while ensuring that the necessary information is available for proper data transmission and reception. Ultimately, encapsulation facilitates modular communication by allowing different networking protocols to work together seamlessly.
The Transport Layer and Data Layer can provide error detection and correction at the different levels of data transmission. Network layer can also correct errors if it detects them.
According to Cisco Curriculum Semester 4 1.2.1.1 As described in relation to the OSI reference model, WAN operations focus primarily on Layer 1 and Layer 2. WAN access standards typically describe both Physical layer delivery methods and Data Link layer requirements, including physical addressing, flow control, and encapsulation.
none
According to Cisco Curriculum Semester 4 1.2.1.1 As described in relation to the OSI reference model, WAN operations focus primarily on Layer 1 and Layer 2. WAN access standards typically describe both Physical layer delivery methods and Data Link layer requirements, including physical addressing, flow control, and encapsulation.