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File Compression and Decompression

The NTFS file system volumes support file compression on an individual file basis. The file compression algorithm used by the NTFS file system is Lempel-Ziv compression. This is a lossless compression algorithm, which means that no data is lost when compressing and decompressing the file, as opposed to lossy compression algorithms such as JPEG, where some data is lost each time data compression and decompression occur.

Data compression reduces the size of a file by minimizing redundant data. In a text file, redundant data can be frequently occurring characters, such as the space character, or common vowels, such as the letters e and a; it can also be frequently occurring character strings. Data compression creates a compressed version of a file by minimizing this redundant data.

Each type of data-compression algorithm minimizes redundant data in a unique manner. For example, the Huffman encoding algorithm assigns a code to characters in a file based on how frequently those characters occur. Another compression algorithm, called run-length encoding, generates a two-part value for repeated characters: the first part specifies the number of times the character is repeated, and the second part identifies the character. Another compression algorithm, known as the Lempel-Ziv algorithm, converts variable-length strings into fixed-length codes that consume less space than the original strings.

The NTFS File System File CompressionOn the NTFS file system, compression is performed transparently. This means it can be used without requiring changes to existing applications. The compressed bytes of the file are not accessible to applications; they see only the uncompressed data. Therefore, applications that open a compressed file can operate on it as if it were not compressed. However, these files cannot be copied to another file system.

If you compress a file that is larger than 30 gigabytes, the compression may not succeed.

The following topics identify the NTFS file system file compression:

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File Compression