all that is needed is there, and all that is there is needed.
Using this rule ensures that the database will endure
The three stages of database design are conceptual design, logical design, and physical design. In the conceptual design stage, the overall structure and high-level relationships of the data are defined, often using Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams. The logical design stage involves translating the conceptual model into a detailed schema, specifying tables, columns, and data types, while ensuring normalization. Finally, the physical design stage focuses on the implementation details, including data storage, indexing, and performance optimization specific to the chosen database management system.
There are three levels of data modeling. They are conceptual, logical, and physical."Conceptual" means a definition of the problem, "logical" means a design of a solution to the problem, and "physical" means the solution of the problem.
1. Requirement Analysis 2. Conceptual Data Base Design 3. Logical Data Base Design 4. Schema Refinement 5. Physical Data Base Design 6. Security Design
Conceptual Design• written in customer's language• explaining the observable external characteristics ofthe system• contains no technical jargon (If it does, define it.)• describes the functions of the system• is independent of implementation• is linked to the requirements documentsTechnical design• describes of major hardware components and theirfunctions• shows hierarchy (organization) and functions of thesoftware components• shows data structures and data flow• shows interfaces
What are the six phases of database design? Discuss each phase.Database design phases are:1. Requirements collection and analysis.2. Conceptual design.3. Logical design (data model mapping).4. Physical design.
Mapping between internal conceptual and external views involves creating a bridge between how data is structured within a system (internal conceptual view) and how it is presented or interacted with by users or external systems (external view). The internal conceptual view represents the organization’s data model, including entities, relationships, and attributes, while the external view focuses on user interfaces and experiences. This mapping ensures that the underlying data is effectively aligned with user needs and applications, facilitating data accessibility and usability. Such alignment is crucial for effective data management and system design.
Data models can be classified into three main categories: conceptual data model (high-level view of the data and its relationships), logical data model (detailed structure of the data and relationships), and physical data model (implementation of the database design on a specific database management system).
Conceptual database design is the process of constructing a model based on the enterprise. Logical database design is the process of constructing a specific data model. Physical database design is the process of producing of the database on the secondary storage.
The Conceptual Data Model
The enterprise view of the data is described by the global conceptual schema (GCS), which is global because it describes the logical structure of the data at all the sites.
A high level data model serves the database designer by providing a conceptual framework in which to specify, in a systematic fashion, what the data requirements of the database users are, and how the database will be structured to fulfill these requirements.
logical data : refer to the immunity of the external scheme towards changes in the conceptual scheme.physical data: refer to the immunity of the conceptual scheme towards changes in the internal scheme.