For most laptop users, the choice of file system won't matter. That's because most people aren't using their laptops for high-performance scenarios where they need to squeeze the absolute most out of their disk subsystem for a given use.
I would recommend leaving it to your distribution's default. They would have most likely tested it more with that particular file system, though it doesn't usually make a difference to the OS.
The only special mention is that the Reiser4 FS can do transparent file system compression, meaning your laptop data is theoretically safe with little-to-no effort when properly configured if it were to get lost or stolen.
Lastly, many tech-types are particular to certain file systems. Most hold one close to heart. Almost all 'Linux' file systems in use today are well-tested and should perform well for general workstation tasks.
The first file system Linux supported was the MINIX file system.
ext3 is the default file system for Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
The NTFS file system is supported in Linux by both a kernel module and several userspace programs. It is not supported as a root file system and is not recommended for permanent file storage.
The pros and cons of the Linux file system include the quote saying "On a UNIX system, everything is a file, if something is not a file, it is a process". You can consider this either a pro or a con.
The Linux VFS (Virtual File System) may be thought of as a sort of interface between the Linux kernel and the mounted file systems. There can be many different file system types mounted simultaneously and VFS allows the Linux kernel to see and address them all in a similar way. This provides Linux with a great deal of flexibility. [JMH]
The Linux ext3 file system is the default system in many linux derivatives. It allows for journalling, which the ext2 system did not. It also allows in-situ upgrades without asking for a backup first.
Traditionally in /usr/src/linux.
Super block is supposed to be the first sector of any file system that can be mounted on Linux operating system. It is supposed to contain information about the entire file system in that partition. It has magic number to specify which file system is used in that partition and other parameters to help read/write to that file system.
One.
Depends on the file system.
A forward slash.
You don't edit inodes manually. They are managed by the file system driver.