Intel core i7 Extreme Edtion 980X. Very fast with 6 physical cores. Got mine running at a stable overclock of 4.7GHz on water cooling of course. This though will soon be outdated by their new chipset soon to be released next year
Currently the Intel i5 processor is the most famous processor being used in PCs and notebooks. You should look for a laptop with this processor, which will speed up everything you do.
The most powerful processor is indeed made by Intel. AMD has done a great job of catching up though.
Intel Core Processor family
intel pentium
Since Windows (at least the kind most people use) only runs on x86 and x86-64 processor, the "best" processor for both would be the most powerful processor from Intel or AMD.
This answer would depend on what the Intel Quad Core was processing. Overall it is considered a powerful processor, able to handle high end games. Although it is powerful, they do come better, such as an i7.
Intel zion
Intel® Xeon® processor 5500 series. As of December 2008.
Intel is currently preparing a six core processor for release.Four processor are the most you can get now.
That depends on generation of each processor. If they are both belong to the same production period Intel Xeon is more powerful. In some cases difference in 1-2 generation might not matter and Xeon would be still more powerful. You will have to be more specific if you want to receive a better answer.
Existence. There is no such thing as an "Intel Other" processor.
It depends on what you want to do. For the most part Intel is overall a better processor. Currently Intel Core i7-5960X is a best and fastest processor out there for the money.