The Transport Layer
Routers operate at layer 3. LAN switches operate at layer 2. Ethernet hubs operate at layer 1.
NetBEUI is the only listed protocol that is not routable; the rest are.
Bridge operate on data link layer
Hubs are a physical layer (layer 1) device; most switches operate at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
To reduce traffic bottlenecks on a network using the NetBEUI protocol, a network switch can be utilized. Switches operate at the data link layer and can efficiently manage data traffic by directing packets only to the intended recipient, reducing unnecessary collisions and improving overall network performance. Additionally, implementing a router can help segment network traffic, further alleviating congestion. However, it's important to note that NetBEUI is limited in scalability and may require transitioning to a more robust protocol for significant improvements.
IPX/SPX : Routable // TCP/IP : Routable // NetBEUI : Not Routable
Data Link Layer
Hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical Layer of the OSI Model. The Physical Layer is the first layer of the OSI Model.
Layer 3
Session Layer - layer 5Transport Layer - layer 4
1. Repeaters (Operate at the OSI Physical Layer).2. Bridges (Operate at the OSI Data Link Layer).3. Routers {and Brouters} (Operate at the OSI Network Layer).
no