Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is the one which divides network communication process in to seven layers....
NETWORK LAYER
They are able to talk through a connection. That connection needs to be present otherwise the communication will not happen.
Multiplexing
Is the layer that provides data routing paths for network communication. Data is transferred in the form of packets via logical network paths in an ordered format controlled by the network layer.
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that describes how data is transmitted over a network. The OSI model divides the process of network communication into seven distinct layers, each of which performs a specific function. The layers are designed to work together seamlessly, making it easier to develop and troubleshoot network systems. Using the OSI model can facilitate teaching and learn about networking in a number of ways: Structured Approach: The OSI model provides a structured approach to understanding how network communication works. By breaking down the process into seven distinct layers, learners can better understand the complexities of network communication and how each layer contributes to the overall process. Common Language: The OSI model provides a common language that network professionals can use to communicate with one another. This can make troubleshooting and problem-solving more efficient, as all parties involved can use the same terminology and concepts. Modular Design: The OSI model's modular design makes it easier to develop and maintain network systems. Each layer performs a specific function, and changes made to one layer can be implemented without affecting other layers, allowing for more flexible network design. Standards-based: The OSI model is based on international standards, making it a widely recognized and accepted framework for network communication. This means that learners who understand the OSI model will have a strong foundation for working with a wide range of network technologies and protocols. Overall, using the OSI model can facilitate teaching and learning about networking by providing a clear and structured framework for understanding how network communication works, promoting common language and modular design, and being standards-based.
The OSI model is a simple framework for categorizing the different layers that make up network communication. There is no direct relation between the OSI model and any network address or protocol. In fact, most network protocols don't fit neatly in to the OSI model. TCP/IP, for example, spans the data-link, network, and transport layers.
Physical, Data link and Network layers make the Network Support layers.
the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere
logical channel is a communication line between the layers in a network hierarchy that is used to transfer data among the layers . gaurav thakur UIIT for free computer science books visit www.amazingtechnologies.blogspot.com
helps network designer and troubleshooting.
OSI Reference Model The OSI reference model is the primary model for network communications. The early development of LANs, MANs, and WANs was confused in many ways. The early 1980s saw great increases in the number and sizes of networks. As companies realized that they could save money and gain productivity by using networking technology, they added networks and expanded existing networks as rapidly as new network technologies and products were introduced. In 1984, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed the OSI Reference Model to describe how information is transferred from one networking component to another, from the point when a user enters information using a keyboard and mouse to when that information is converted to electrical or light signals transferred along a piece of wire (or radio waves transferred through the air). ISO developed the seven-layer model to help vendors and network administrators gain a better understanding of how data is handled and transported between networking devices, as well as to provide a guideline for the implementation of new networking standards and technologies. To assist in this process, the OSI Reference Model separates the network communication process into seven simple layers. Dividing the network into these seven layers provides these advantages: Reduces complexity: It breaks network communication into smaller, simpler parts. It divides the network communication process into smaller and simpler components, thus aiding component development, design, and troubleshooting. Standardizes interfaces: It standardizes network components to allow multiple vendor development and support. Facilitates modular engineering: It allows different types of network hardware and software to communicate with each other. Interoperability between Vendors It allows multiple-vendor development through standardization of network components. Defines the process for connecting two layers together, promoting interoperability between vendors It Allows vendors to compartmentalize their design efforts to fit a modular design, which eases implementations and simplifies troubleshooting Ensures interoperable technology: It prevents changes in one layer from affecting the other layers, allowing for quicker development. Accelerates evolution: It provides for effective updates and improvements to individual components without affecting other components or having to rewrite the entire protocol. Simplifies teaching and learning: It breaks network communication into smaller components to make learning easier. Provides a teaching tool to help network administrators understand the communication process used between networking components The OSI Reference Model The OSI reference model consists of seven layers: physical, data-link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. The OSI model layers usually do not correspond exactly to the protocol stack running on an actual system. The data-link layer protocols often include physical layer specifications. The network and transport layer protocols work together to provide a cumulative end-to-end communication service. The functions of the session, presentation, and application layers are often combined into a single application layer protocol.
A network layer refers to one of the actual 7 layers. The network layer protocol is actually the system it uses, possibly the order that the layers are done by?