Giant packets. Runt packets are packets that are too small. Giant packets are too large for the medium.
If a packet size exceeds the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of a network link, the sender will fragment the packet into smaller pieces that fit within the MTU. Each fragment will have its own IP header with a Fragment Offset field to specify its position in the original packet. The fragments will be transmitted individually and reassembled by the receiving host before passing the complete packet to the upper layers.
The maximum for any IP packet via ethernet is limited to a maximum of 1508 characters. ICMP packets are typically small but can be configured to use any amount of characters up to the maximum size of a packet.
The minimum size of an ICMP packet is 8 bytes, which includes the 8-byte ICMP header without any additional data. The maximum size of an ICMP packet is 65,535 bytes, which includes the maximum payload that can be carried within an IPv4 packet.
If the packet's "Do Not Fragment" flag is set, then the packet is discarded and the sender is notified. Otherwise, the packet is fragmented into several pieces and will continue on to its final destination.
The maximum permissible size for an IPv4 packet is 65,535 bytes, which includes both the header and the data payload. Since the maximum size of the header is 60 bytes, this allows for a maximum data payload of 65,475 bytes. However, in practical use, the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) often limits the size of packets on networks, typically to 1,500 bytes for Ethernet.
The maximum size of a white dwarf is about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun, known as the Chandrasekhar limit. If a white dwarf exceeds this limit, it can collapse further and ignite as a supernova.
An Ethernet frame typically has a maximum payload size of 1500 bytes, which includes the APR (Address Resolution Protocol) packet. The APR packet itself is relatively small, usually around 28 bytes, allowing the Ethernet frame to accommodate additional headers and trailers, such as the Ethernet header (14 bytes) and the Frame Check Sequence (4 bytes). Therefore, the total size of an Ethernet frame carrying an APR packet would be at least 64 bytes (minimum frame size) up to 1518 bytes (maximum frame size).
maximum window size is the difference between highest available sequence number and send_base, knowing that send_base is the sequence number of sent and not yet acknowledged packet. window size= highest available sequence number-send_base=N. note that in GBN window cannot contains already acknowledged packet.
The Maximum Transferable Unit (MTU) is the amount of data that can be sent in each packet on a TCP/IP based network. If your network is the postal service (routing and delivering messages to and from other people), the MTU is how big the envelopes are.
packet switching can be considered an improvement over message switching.Similar to message switching,packet switching forwards data on first come first serve basis between nodes and no dedication connection is made (as it is done in circuit switching). But unlike message switching,packet switching puts an upper limit on the maximum size of the packet.If the packet size is greater than the maximum,it is segmented and then transmitted.Each segment has separate header which increases the overhead. But it reduces the average delays.Also in case of packet switching data is not stored for later transmission to a currently busy or inactive terminal.It just takes care of data transmission between nodes
The size of a packet can vary depending on the network protocol being used. In general, a typical Ethernet packet is around 1500 bytes, which is equal to 0.0015 megabytes (MB). Therefore, 1 packet is approximately equal to 0.0015 MB.
The maximum size that a population can reach in an ecosystem is called the carrying capacity. This represents the maximum number of individuals of a species that the ecosystem can support over the long term, taking into account available resources and environmental conditions. When a population exceeds the carrying capacity, it can lead to competition for resources, which may result in a decline in population size.