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The original method recommended by Microsoft was to use a backup utility to copy/move files off the hard drive and then restore them. The would reorganize the drive and eliminate file fragmentation.

Independent vendors developed a method the defragment a drive by moving data and empty spaces around on the disk eliminating small empty areas and combining file fragments into large contiguous areas. Microsoft eventually accepted and adopted the defragging technology and made it available as a built in operating system utility.

There are several programs available to do this.some free, some not. Depending on the amount of congestion on the drive, some work better than others, some work faster, and some give the user more flexibility in how the drive is defragmented or how individual files are defragmented.

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